• The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the

  2023-11-09

  

  The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervous system is also exemplified by early observations that nicotine caused no detectable effect when applied on a brain slice and it is only with the focal and high time resolution of more recent experiments that the effects of nicotinic neur

• The knowledge on the structure of

  2023-11-09

  

  The knowledge on the structure of CYP17, including its active site, provides a rationale for understanding many mutations that are found in enzyme dysfunction in clinical disease as well as the enzyme's dual hydroxylase and lyase catalytic capabilities. This knowledge will assist rational drug desig

• br Increased blood ATX and LPA in liver fibrosis Although

  2023-11-09

  

  Increased blood ATX and LPA in liver fibrosis Although previous in vitro findings have suggested a link between LPA and liver fibrosis in vivo, whether LPA plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis has remained uncertain. No phenotypic changes in livers of LPA receptor-deficient

• The earliest appearance of tumors

  2023-11-09

  

  The earliest appearance of tumors occurred at 12 months and the latest at 24 months, with an average onset at 18 months (Fig. 1B). This would be roughly equivalent to cancer presenting in a patient between 60 and 70 years of age. In transgenic animals, autotaxin iMDK was relatively increased in ser

• br Results br Discussion Autophagy

  2023-11-09

  

  Results Discussion Autophagy is considered as an important process in physiological and pathological ovarian function. It is related mainly to follicular atresia and CL regression (for review see [20]). However, an involvement in luteal cell survival is also proposed [21], [22]. The present st

• Introduction An association of elevated branched chain

  2023-11-09

  

  Introduction An association of elevated branched-chain CGP-41251 (BCAA—Leu, Val, Ile) with obesity and insulin resistance was first reported nearly 50 years ago (Felig et al., 1969). With the advent of metabolomics technologies, it has since become apparent that the association of BCAA and related

• As a neuropeptide Apelin also

  2023-11-09

  

  As a neuropeptide, Apelin also has a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. Systemic administration of Apelin exert vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects [33]. Meanwhile, the apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway is related to age-associated cardiovascular diseases [34]. It has been known th

• br MHCI peptide editing N terminal extensions

  2023-11-08

  

  MHCI peptide editing, N-terminal extensions and the peptide loading complex Conventionally, peptide-MHCI binding is thought to require both amino- and carboxyl-termini for stable interaction (Madden, 1995; Bouvier and Wiley, 1994). Peptides with longer than optimal length (10–13 residues) have be

• br Funding br Introduction Plants absorb both inorganic nitr

  2023-11-08

  

  Funding Introduction Plants absorb both inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) and organic nitrogen (amino acids and peptides) from the soil [1]. The first organic nitrogenous molecule produced from inorganic nitrogen is Gln, whose terminal amino group is successively transferred to make Gl

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Diabetic complications a

  2023-11-08

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Diabetic complications are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Increased flow of thymidylate synthase through the polyol pathway under conditions of hyperglycemia contributes to the development of diabetic complications. Aldose

• It has been largely demonstrated that several clinico

  2023-11-08

  

  It has been largely demonstrated that several clinico-pathological factors influence ovarian cancer patients' prognosis, including residual tumor at primary cytoreductive surgery, FIGO stage, tumor grading, cancer histology and performance status [3,4]. Nevertheless, the recent awareness achieved in

• The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF in

  2023-11-08

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• nor-NOHA acetate br Conclusion The HT receptor family is com

  2023-11-08

  

  Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless nor-NOHA acetate (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological function); molecular b

• br Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes

  2023-11-08

  

  Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac

• Plant material and growth conditions Arabidopsis thaliana ec

  2023-11-08

  

  Plant material and growth conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia was grown on a mixture of soil, vermiculite, and perlite (4:2:1) with a 16h light/8h dark AP 18 sale in a temperature-controlled growth room (22°C), unless indicated otherwise. Molecular cloning and plant transformation. T

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