• Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the

  2023-10-12

  

  Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the important mechanisms of toxic effect of Cd2+[43]. The mechanism of Cd2+-induced oxidative stress involves an imbalance between generation and removal of ROS in tissues and cellular components, causing damage to membranes, DNA, and proteins [4

• br Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy Several mechanisms m

  2023-10-12

  

  Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy Several mechanisms may be involved in specific immunotherapy of EAMG by active immunization with the therapeutic vaccine in IFA. During the therapy, the therapeutic benefits result from diversion of autoantibody specificities away from pathogenic extracellular

• Additional evidence for a putative

  2023-10-12

  

  Additional evidence for a putative role of COXs and 5-LOX in AD derives from pharmacological studies using inhibitors of these enzymes (for review, see Firuzi and Praticò, 2006). In addition to helping delineate the pathobiological mechanisms of AD, these results raise hope for discovering novel the

• br Introduction Throughout early prophase I meiotic cells in

  2023-10-11

  

  Introduction Throughout early prophase I, meiotic cells intentionally generate DSBs as part of a stringently controlled process to initiate homologous recombination (HR). HR is a critical DSB repair pathway that ultimately permits the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes

• Introduction Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK a family

  2023-10-11

  

  Introduction Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a family member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, selectively activates the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in response to various types of stresses, including oxidative stress, and subsequently ind

• br Conclusions br Author declaration br

  2023-10-11

  

  Conclusions Author declaration Acknowledgements Introduction ASK1 scaffolding proteins ASK1 adaptor proteins Conclusions Scaffolding and adaptor proteins can coordinate the specific activation of a MAP3K-MAP2K-MAPK pathway in response to various stimuli. For example, both Zonipo

• BQ-123 MiR has already been implicated in the protective

  2023-10-11

  

  MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting

• br ABCA is a sterol responsive gene The

  2023-10-11

  

  ABCA2 is a sterol-responsive gene The first evidence to demonstrate that ABCA2 expression responded to sterol loading was provided in an experiment involving monocyte to macrophage differentiation in vitro. Upon sterol loading with enzymatically degraded LDL (eLDL), ABCA2 expression increased onl

• SCH772984 TFA mg Ozone induced innate inflammatory responses

  2023-10-11

  

  Ozone-induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung involve neutrophil extravasation through enhanced trans-endothelial migration (Krishna et al., 1997). Catecholamines and glucocorticoids, which are increased by ozone inhalation (Bass et al., 2013, Miller et al., 2015, Miller et al., 2016a, Mil

• The importance of insulin in controlling

  2023-10-11

  

  The importance of insulin in controlling lipolysis and fat mass is further emphasized by mouse models with alterations in the insulin signaling pathway of adipocytes. For example, mice with a tamoxifen-inducible knockout of the insulin receptor in mature adipocytes reveal a substantial decrease of a

• The extent to which GPCR oligomerization is a

  2023-10-11

  

  The extent to which GPCR oligomerization is a regulated process still remains unclear. Reported effects of ligands on both GPCR homo- and heteromers are highly variable and depend on GPCR subtypes and the specific ligand used. According to our data, chronic treatment of mice with both paroxetine or

• Additional evidence for a putative role of COXs and LOX

  2023-10-10

  

  Additional evidence for a putative role of COXs and 5-LOX in AD derives from pharmacological studies using inhibitors of these enzymes (for review, see Firuzi and Praticò, 2006). In addition to helping delineate the pathobiological mechanisms of AD, these results raise hope for discovering novel the

• PF also a dual Aurora A

  2023-10-10

  

  PF-03814735, also a dual Aurora-A and Aurora-B inhibitor, was administered in a phase I dose escalation study in a 3-weekly gaboxadol for 5 or 10 consecutive days [69], [70]. To date 25 patients have been included in 7 dose levels (5–100mg/day for 5 days). Using the 5-day schedule the MTD was defin

• The take home message here is that although Aurora

  2023-10-10

  

  The take-home message here is that, although Aurora A phosphorylated on T288 is the activated isoform of Aurora A, measuring the level of phosphorylation of T288 does not reflect Aurora A kinase activity (Figure 5). What would be the most appropriate readout for an in vivo Aurora A kinase activity

• An alternative more rarely used electron

  2023-10-10

  

  An alternative, more rarely used, electron microscopy-based approach exploits labeling of phagosomes with DAMP (3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-30-amino-N-methyldipropylamine). DAMP is a weakly basic compound which is membrane-impermeable once it has been protonated. This way, DAMPH+ accumulates in acidic in

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