• Fig C presents the secondary

  2022-01-13

  

  Fig. 1(C) presents the secondary structure arrangement of the PAS-A and PAS-B domains in both HIF-2α and ARNT. The common scaffold of the PAS domains is a β sheet with numerous flanking α helixes. The PAS-A domains of both HIF-2α and ARNT have A’α, Aβ, Bβ, Cα, Dα, Eα, Fα, Gβ, Hβ, and Iβ from the N t

• br AURK Functions br Concluding Remarks The

  2022-01-13

  

  AURK Functions Concluding Remarks The AURKs are crucial regulators of cell division; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which these kinases function in meiosis. Recent work has begun to chip away at the specific roles that each of the kinases play; however, as more is uncovered,

• Metallothioneins MTs that are intracellular proteins respons

  2022-01-13

  

  Metallothioneins (MTs) that are intracellular proteins responsible for the maintenance of metal homeostasis are involved in arsenic toxicity (Kita et al., 2006). Four major MT isoforms have been reported so far, MT1, MT2A, MT3 and MT4. The synthesis of MT1 and MT2A isoforms in mammal cells can be in

• Multiple studies from our laboratory and others which

  2022-01-13

  

  Multiple studies from our laboratory and others, which have used stoichiometric kinetic analyses of ANP/NPRA, have provided strong evidence that bound ligand-receptor complexes are internalized and processed intracellularly, and that degraded products are released into the culture medium of various

• In the Toc Regulator Mode Fig recognition of the transit

  2022-01-13

  

  In the “Toc34 Regulator Mode” (Fig. 6), recognition of the transit peptide by Toc159 monomer (step 4) leads to heterodimer-formation [18]. Subsequently, preprotein interaction with the Toc34G homodimer (step 1) regulates the Toc34G homodimer (step 2, 3). However, this mode requires a parallel induct

• The number of small molecule GSK inhibitors is continuously

  2022-01-13

  

  The number of small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors is continuously rising and many have been tested in animals. These studies have provided additional support for specific roles of GSK-3 in neuronal functions under both normal and pathological conditions. Inhibition of GSK-3 has profound effect on neurop

• br Introduction br Mitochondrial dysfunction

  2022-01-13

  

  Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer Lactate and succinate as oncometabolites Intracellular actions of lactate and succinate as tumor promoters Cell-surface receptors for lactate and succinate and their role in cancer GPR109A as the receptor for butyrate and β-hydroxybu

• In the present study we

  2022-01-13

  

  In the present study, we conducted a search for other possible endogenous ligands for GPR35. We focused on lysophospholipids because of the homology (30%) between GPR35 and GPR55 whose endogenous ligand is lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) [9], especially 2-arachidonoyl LPI [10]. Notably, the GPR35 gen

• br AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br Introduction C

  2022-01-13

  

  AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV-1 protein that can cause pain behaviors in animal models (Hao, 2013, Nasirinezhad et al., 2015,

• br Introduction The amino acid glycine functions as a neurot

  2022-01-13

  

  Introduction The amino K-252c glycine functions as a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system: as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and as a co-agonist of the NMDA-subtype of excitatory glutamatergic receptors (Eulenburg et al., 2005). Under a current hypothesis that schizophrenia r

• Ajzenman et al reported improved stability and postural para

  2022-01-13

  

  Ajzenman et al reported improved stability and postural parameters in ASD children after EAT. Other authors presented similar findings,61, 62, 63, 64 although the studies were conducted among children with CP, and reported improved muscle symmetry,, stability of the head and the trunk, motor functio

• Here we investigated on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of

  2022-01-12

  

  Here, we investigated on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of ALX/FPR2 expression. Epigenetic changes, that include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination of DNA and histone proteins, occur in a variety of diseases [21] and are being recognized as key targets for personalized me

• br Acknowledgments I thank Takeshi Sakaba for

  2022-01-12

  

  Acknowledgments I thank Takeshi Sakaba for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. This work was supported by JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI Grant Numbers 17K19466, 17H03548. Introduction The oral route of drug application is the main route in pharmacology since it is easy to handle and o

• Introduction Hepatitis C virus HCV is a

  2022-01-12

  

  Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (50–80 nm in size) enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Hepacivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family [1]. The HCV particle consists of a nucleocapsid, which contains the positive single-stranded RNA genome covered by a host cell-derived lipid envelope

• Another interesting approach is to use partial agonists as

  2022-01-12

  

  Another interesting approach is to use partial agonists as starting point to develop specific antagonists like done in earlier decades [64], [65]. Possible indications for an attenuation of the NO/sGC signalling pathway might be specific neuronal disorders: an involvement in the aetiology of migrain

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