• As a transcription factor HOXA regulates

  2021-05-27

  

  As a transcription factor, HOXA9 regulates multiple target genes related to cell growth, including BRCA1 [34], BCL-2 [35], c-MYB [36], IGF1 [37], PIM1 [38] and so on. In addition, HOXA9 is a member of both activating and repressive transcriptional regulatory complexes, along with cofactor and collab

• More and more studies are

  2021-05-27

  

  More and more studies are focused on the function role of EPAC1 in cancer proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Recently, it was reported that the EPAC-ERK and AKT signaling pathways promote the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in the B lymphoma cell line WEHI-231

• Nitric oxide synthase NOS is a predominant enzyme of

  2021-05-27

  

  Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a predominant enzyme of immune system, which elaborates nitric oxide (NO) from the amino 486 2 arginine (Arg). NO mediates vasodilatation, blood pressure regulation, neurotransmission, host defense, and macrophage-mediated immunity, among an array of other functions (

• The monomeric oligomeric states of DDR V

  2021-05-27

  

  The monomeric/oligomeric states of DDR2-V5-His and DDR2-Fc were confirmed by Western blotting under reducing and non-reducing conditions. As shown in Fig. 1b, DDR2-V5-His exhibited a relative molecular mass of ~60 kDa under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, consistent with this protein bein

• br Transparency document br Acknowledgements We

  2021-05-27

  

  Transparency document Acknowledgements We thank Prof. Barbara Brodsky for valuable comments and discussion. We thank the support of the Tufts start-up fund and the Knez Family Faculty Investment Fund for Y.-S. L, and the Tufts Summer Scholar program for E.C. Introduction Discoidin domain r

• The importance of EBI for B cell

  2021-05-27

  

  The importance of EBI2 for B cell function was first suggested by the dramatic upregulation of this receptor in EBV-transformed B cells and further inferred from its regulation in activated and GC B cells (Birkenbach et al., 1993, Glynne et al., 2000, Shaffer et al., 2000). An involvement of EBI2 in

• In normal cells the apoptotic stimuli lower the expression l

  2021-05-27

  

  In normal cells, the apoptotic stimuli lower the expression level of antiapoptotic proteins by increasing turnover rate and preventing the constant degradation of proapoptotic proteins. Thus, the dysregulation of anti-/pro-apoptotic proteins will confer the survival of cancer 3X FLAG Peptide via en

• The biological significance of DNA ligases is attributed to

  2021-05-27

  

  The biological significance of DNA ligases is attributed to their function in DNA replication, recombination and/or DNA repair [1], [2]. In vertebrates, three different DNA ligases I, III and IV are recognized. DNA ligase I is essential for the Okazaki fragments’ ligation during lagging-strand DNA s

• br Diacylglycerol kinases and T cell responses br Diacylglyc

  2021-05-27

  

  Diacylglycerol kinases and T cell responses Diacylglycerol kinases and cancer Several studies implicate DGKα in tumor progression, but its function is debated, as it might also have roles as a tumor suppressor. Diminished DGKα expression is linked to malignant transformation in epithelia. High

• UO126 The question remained as to why hCrm was functional

  2021-05-26

  

  The question remained as to why hCrm1 was functional and mCrm1 was not in terms of Rev and HIV mRNA nuclear export, and previously we proposed three possibilities (Elinav et al., 2012). One was that human UO126 had a positively acting factor that somehow stabilized the hCrm1 and Rev-RRE complex (bu

• br Methods and materials br Cyclooxygenase COX is the

  2021-05-26

  

  Methods and materials Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic pyk2 to prostaglandin, prostacyclins and thromboxanes., , , Two distinct isoforms of COX were initially discovered: COX-1 is a constitutive, housekeeping enzyme that is expressed in many ti

• A widely accepted mechanism to differentiate

  2021-05-26

  

  A widely accepted mechanism to differentiate hESCs into cardiomyocytes is through perturbation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Initial Wnt activation is required to form the cevimeline [3]. Thereafter, it is believed that inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is pivotal for card

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank members of R

  2021-05-26

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank members of R.L. lab and F. Schweisguth for critical reading of the manuscript. We are also grateful to F. Janody, M. Miura, C. Bökel, H.D. Ryoo, G. Jiménez, the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, the Drosophila Genetic Resource Center, the Vienna Drosoph

• After activation AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved

  2021-05-26

  

  After activation, AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved in cell growth, metabolism and survival (Manning and Cantley, 2007). For example, AKT phosphorylates the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, preventing it from binding to and inactivating Bcl-xL in mitochondria (Datta et al., 1997). In turn, Bcl-x

• While showing that deletion of EP maintains femur

  2021-05-26

  

  While showing that deletion of EP1 maintains femur bone volume fraction and trabecular bone parameters during aging, perhaps more importantly we have also demonstrated that increased initial BV/TV in EP1 is protective against OVX-induced bone loss. That is, while mice lose an approximately equal per

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